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Volume 19

Issue 9 | Dec 1951 | pp. 489-568

Issue 8 | Nov 1951 | pp. 445-485

Issue 7 | Oct 1951 | pp. 401-444

Issue 6 | Sep 1951 | pp. 333-400

Issue 5 | May 1951 | pp. 257-332

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Volume 1

Select this Article		The Fundamental Problems of Experimental Physics James Hough American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 489 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract An elementary treatment of the nature of an experiment is given in order to demonstrate the various factors which must be considered in planning an experiment. Particular attention has been paid to the factors on which the accuracy of the final result depends; and it has been found desirable to introduce two new quantities, the reading and experimental limits, which give a measure of the maximum accuracy of a measurement and an experiment, respectively, obtainable with the particular apparatus.

Select this Article		One- and Two-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction B. D. Cullity American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 500 \| Cited 1 time Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A description is given of the diffraction phenomena from crystals so small in some directions that they may be considered essentially as one- or two-dimensional crystals. The basic theory of x-ray diffraction, in terms of the Ewald construction in the reciprocal lattice, is first presented for the case of a three-dimensional crystal and then extended to crystals consisting only of a plane of atoms one layer thick or of a linear chain of atoms. Intermediate cases are then considered and experimental methods of observing these phenomena are discussed. Finally, examples are given of one- and two-dimensional crystals which have been found in layer lattices, fibrous materials, supersaturated metallic solid solutions, and metal crystals having stacking errors.

Select this Article		An Early Experimental Determination of Snell's Law John W. Shirley American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 507 \| Cited 3 times Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The law of refraction known by the name of Snell's law was circulated in manuscript by him as early as 1621. This paper shows that the law of sines was experimentally discovered independently in England by Thomas Hariot and his friends, and was used by them several years before 1621.

Select this Article		An Improved Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Experiment George G. Kretschmar American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 509 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract An interesting variation of Joule's classical experiment on the mechanical equivalent of heat is described. It makes use of a rotary stirring mechanism for adding energy to water in a calorimeter, the energy being measured by a bifilar suspension of the driving motor. The motor is operated at synchronous speed. Temperature measurements are by means of a thermocouple and potentiometer. With reasonable care results can be obtained which are consistent to about 3 percent.

Select this Article		The Moment of Inertia and the Period of the Rocking of an Elliptic Band John Satterly American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 511 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The radius of gyration of a thin, elliptical band of uniform line density is given (i) by direct evaluation, (ii) from the point of view that the band represents the interval between adjacent ellipses of semiaxes a and b, and (iii) by taking the band between two confocal ellipses. Values of the radii of gyration for several elliptic bands are computed from the three points of view. Experiments in which elliptic bands of brass and glass were rocked on glass plates and on suspended knife-edges gave agreement within 5 percent of the computed radii of gyration.

SECTION LISTING

BROWSE VOLUMES

Dec 1951

Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 489-568

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Select this Article		Photometric Teaching Methods Using Photoelectric Cells U. Andrewes and T. J. Dillon American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 514 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Construction details of three photometers, designated as black box, integrating, and hoop types, are given. All photometers use photovoltaic cells as the light-measuring devices. Tests made with these photometers upon filament-type lamps and fluorescent discharge tubes establish the mean horizontal candle power and the mean spherical candle power of light sources normally found in the laboratory. Auxilliary experiments are described for determining the range of validity of the inverse square and cosine laws for the light sources. A table lists the luminous flux for several sources, measured by each type of photometer.

Select this Article		The Knotty Masspoint versus the Rigid Tinplate Daniel A. Naymik American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 519 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract There is an experiment in sophomore physics called “The Force Board Experiment” or “The Composition and Resolution of Nonparallel, Concurrent Forces.” In the opinion of the author of this article, this experiment does not adequately bridge the gap between the mathematical process of vector addition and the “Study of Forces acting on a Crane,” which is another classical experiment. For this reason the author has originated an experiment which is slightly more difficult than “The Force Board Experiment,” and yet not as difficult as the crane experiment; it is called “The Tinplate Experiment.”

Select this Article		Thermometers of the Royal Society, 1663–1768 Louise Diehl Patterson American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 523 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Between 1663 and 1665, Robert Hooke designed a thermometer for the Royal Society which served as a standard for the graduation of other seventeenth-century instruments. This paper describes the construction and scale of the standard, the use of Hooke's scale in meteorological diaries of the period 1669 to 1709, and its modification by Francis Hauksbee, the Younger, in the early eighteenth century. It includes a suggestion for interpretation of the barometric observations in Hooke's Guildhall diary. It points out the influence of the Royal Society's meteorological observations in the age of Fahrenheit, Réaumur, and Celsius.

Select this Article		National Science Foundation Fellowships American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 535 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Note on Electromagnetic Moment of Inertia W. R. Dixon American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 536 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract It is shown that the angular momentum of the stationary electromagnetic field surrounding a classical charged particle may be considered to be localized in the charge distribution. When the magnetic field is considered to be due to rotation of the charge, there exists a moment of inertia tensor relating the angular momentum of the field and the energy of the magnetic field to the angular velocity, just as the angular momentum, kinetic energy of rotation, and angular velocity are related in ordinary mechanics.

Select this Article		Taylor Memorial Laboratory Manual American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 537 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		On the Analysis of Transfer of Training Lewis A. Dexter and Robert A. Thornton American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 538 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract If what is learned is to be transferable, it must be done in terms of generalized intellectual processes. These processes must be explicitly identified and taught in such a way as to permit students to generalize what is particular and to apply what is general. The selection of curricular material must be done in terms of these processes rather than in terms of a traditional body of facts. Physics, because of its postulational-deductive character, offers an excellent opportunity for this conception of education. Illustrations from physics and social science are given. They indicate the possibility of transfer in terms of common rational processes within and across customary subject-matter areas. If any significant transfer is to be achieved, the following are necessary: less emphasis on memorization of unconnected textbook propositions and formulations which permit emphasis on conceptual features. This cannot be done unless teachers of physics give scholarly attention to the methodology of physics and to the methodology of certain educational problems. This approach not only has educational advantages, but entails advantages for a greater mastery and understanding of physics itself.

Select this Article		Laboratory Performance Tests at the University of Minnesota C. N. Wall, H. Kruglak, and L. E. H. Trainor American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 546 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The frequent discrepancies between paper-and-pencil grades of science students and their performance in the laboratory point to the need for behavior-sampling tests: Experience with performance tests at the University of Minnesota has shown that their use (1) increases the spread of grades, (2) results in greater motivation, and (3) facilitates the measurement of instructional outcomes. Typical tests in mechanics, electricity, sound, and optics are reproduced and the important phases of the testing program are described. The detailed statistical analysis of the mechanics performance test points to the need of additional experimentation in this field.

Select this Article		The Output Current of a Nonlinear Device Bernard Salzberg American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 555 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A voltage consisting of a cosine term superposed on a steady term is applied to the input of a nonlinear device. The output current of the device is zero for negative voltages, and proportional to the nth power of the voltage when it is positive, the exponent n being 1, , or 2. The resultant current may be zero, continuous, or discontinuous, depending on the relative values of the steady term and the peak value of the cosine term. In general, the current may be represented by a Fourier series, the coefficients of the various terms of which are functions of n and the magnitudes of the two components of the voltage. For n = 1 and n = 2, these coefficients are expressible in terms of trigonometric functions. For n = , the coefficients are given in terms of the complete elliptic integrals K and E. The root-mean-square value of the current, for n = 1,, and 2, is given in terms of trigonometric functions. Graphs of coefficients of the leading Fourier terms, and of the root-mean-square current, are presented for both continuous and discontinuous current, for n = 1, , and 2.

Select this Article		Further Note on Measurement of Wavelength with a Diffraction Grating Louis R. Weber and Don L. Hammond American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 562 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		On the Driving of Tent Stakes John S. Rinehart American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 562 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Note on a Body Falling in a Resisting Medium of Variable Density W. A. Bowers American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 562 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Student Questionnaires as an Aid to Laboratory Teaching Techniques Willard Geer American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 564 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Concerning Some Primitive Musical Instruments Julius Sumner Miller American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 565 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Relative Causality? Lee Spetner American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 565 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Causality, Relativity, and Language Elihu Fein American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 566 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Engineering Thermodynamics Herman J. Stoever, Author and C. H. Pesterfield, Reviewer American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 567 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Ultrasonics P. Vigoureux, Author and Robert Lagemann, Reviewer American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 567 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Experimental Spectroscopy Ralph A. Sawyer, Author and Forrest F. Cleveland, Reviewer American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 567 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Quantum Mechanics of Particles and Wave Fields Arthur March, Author and James H. Bartlett, Reviewer American Journal of Physics -- December 1951 -- Volume 19, Issue 9, pp. 568 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable