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Issue 12 | Dec 1965 | pp. 987-1100

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Issue 10 | Oct 1965 | pp. 759-878

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Select this Article		Resource Letter EEC-1 on the Evolution of Energy Concepts from Galileo to Helmholtz Theodore M. Brown American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 759 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Prepared at the request of the AAPT Committee on Resource Letters; supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. This is one of a series of Resource Letters on different topics, intended to guide college physicists to some of the literature and other teaching aids that may help them improve course contents in specified fields of physics. No Resource Letter is meant to be exhaustive and complete; in time there may be more than one letter on some of the main subjects of interest. Comments and suggestions concerning the content and arrangement of letters as well as suggestions for future topics will be welcomed. Please send such communications to Professor Arnold Arons, Chairman, Resource Letter Committee, Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts. Notation: The letter E after an item number indicates elementary level, useful principally for freshman liberal arts through sophomore physics courses; the letter I indicates intermediate (junior, senior) level; and the letter A indicates advanced material principally suited for senior, graduate study. An asterisk (∗) indicates items particularly recommended for introductory study. Additional copies: Available from American Institute of Physics, 335 East 45 Street, New York, New York, 10017. When ordering, request Resource Letter EEC-1 and enclose a stamped return envelope.

Select this Article		Mechanics Experiments using Modified PSSC Apparatus W. L. H. Shuter American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 766 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Low-cost modifications we have made to standard PSSC apparatus which greatly facilitates its use by large laboratory classes are described, and an outline is given of mechanics experiments we have designed for first-year physics-major students using this modified apparatus.

Select this Article		Quantum Scattering Theory in One Dimension Joseph H. Eberly American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 771 \| Cited 14 times Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A phase-shift analysis of quantum mechanical scattering problems in one dimension is developed. Many of the techniques and results of three dimensions remain even in one dimension, while the discussion is vastly simplified, and thus accessible to the student much earlier, due to the absence of special functions (in particular, Bessel and Legendre functions) with their complicated asymptotic formulas and orthogonality relations. A “partial wave” analysis leads to the familiar relation f_l∼e^iδ_l sinδ_l between the scattering amplitude in the lth partial wave and the phase shift δ_l. The optical theorem is evident as an immediate consequence of the conservation of probability. The method is applied to an analysis of the well-known square-well scattering resonances.

Select this Article		Summary of Results in the COPFIC Study American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 774 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A summary of replies to the communication sent by COPFIC to the chairmen of the physics departments at the undergraduate colleges is given.

Select this Article		Advanced Physics Laboratory Course at Cornell Paul L. Hartman American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 776 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract For fifty years an advanced laboratory course has been one of the major course offerings of the Department of Physics at Cornell. It has been taken by all undergraduate physics majors and by almost all physics graduate students, potential theorists and experimentalists alike. During this period of time, the course has gone through many changes, both in “philosophy” and in facilities. Instead of the ten or a dozen students of forty years ago, the enrollment is now over 100 and requires the teaching time of eleven staff members and a full-time laboratory technician. The Department receives many requests for information about the course, requests for the list and description of the experiments offered, and about the general pedagogical format. Many other universities have established courses in its pattern. It is the purpose of this paper to provide a rather general description of the course, a description that might be of interest to a physics student, to a teacher, or to a person interested in the teaching of physics.

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Select this Article		Linear and Angular Momentum H. F. Meiners, Editor American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. xiii Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Tunnel Effect Demonstrator H. F. Meiners, Editor American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. xiii Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Standing Waves in a Circle H. F. Meiners, Editor American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. xiv \| Cited 1 time Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Two Quantitative Lecture Demonstrations concerning Linear Momentum Erwin F. Shrader American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 784 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Two quantitative lecture demonstrations are described. The first uses a water jet to illustrate the relation between the reaction thrust and the time rate of change of momentum in the jet. The second demonstration uses an air trough with a conceptually simple but quantitative method for measuring the velocities of the air trough gliders. Conservation of momentum can be quantitatively verified in a variety of elastic and inelastic collisions. In both demonstrations accuracies of one or two per cent are easy to obtain.

Select this Article		Physics of the Mössbauer Effect Leonard Eyges American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 790 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract This paper considers from a simple physical point of view the Mössbauer effect, i.e., the “recoilless emission” of gamma rays from a nucleus bound in a crystal lattice. It begins with a discussion of the kinematics of gamma-ray emission from such a nucleus. The idealized case of a massive “lattice” characterized by a single frequency and the more realistic one and three-dimensional models are treated. We point up the fact that in the Mössbauer effect the lattice as a whole (the lattice center of mass) always recoils after photon emission, so that the term “recoilless emission” is in one sense misleading. We emphasize that the essence of the Mössbauer effect is not photon emission without recoil, but rather is photon emission without transfer of energy to internal degrees of freedom of the lattice. Using the basic ideas of quantum mechanics, namely, the rules for the manipulation of probability amplitudes (the so-called “transformation theory”), we calculate the probability for recoil without excitation of internal degrees of freedom, i.e., the Mössbauer f factor, on the assumption that the individual photon emissions, and consequent lattice recoil, are instantaneous. In Appendix A we discuss this question of instantaneous emission in some detail, and show how it is not in contradiction with the fact that the nuclear transition that leads to the gamma-ray emission has a finite half-width. In Appendix B those rules of transformation theory that are used in the body of the paper are summarized.

Select this Article		Tube Method for Measuring the Velocity of Sound in Gases I. Carl Romer, Jr. and Preston E. Koentop American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 803 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A technique for measuring the velocity of sound in gases confined in tubes is described. The basic apparatus first proposed by F. A. Angona [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 25, No. 6, 1111–15 (1953)] mainly for measurement of tube attenuation coefficients was adapted for this purpose. The method involves locating two positions of identical phase along a free progressive wave. Such a wave is made possible by an absorbing termination. The value obtained for the velocity of sound in high purity nitrogen gas at 21.1 C (70 F) and atmospheric pressure is 349.78 m/sec as compared to a calculated value of 349.80 m/sec.

Select this Article		Single-Concept Films in Physics Franklin Miller, Jr. American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 806 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Short films are described which are designed to be used within a teacher's lecture, having application at various levels of instruction. The importance of the teachers' guide is stressed. Commercial distribution of the series is on a nonexclusive basis. New projectors and film formats are described. An annual competition is proposed for short 8mm films made by physics teachers for use in their own classes.

Select this Article		Experiments with a Thermoelectric Heat Pump A. J. Mortlock American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 813 \| Cited 1 time Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A teaching experiment based on a commercial thermoelectric heat pump which utilizes semiconductor materials is described. The measurements made yield the figure of merit for the thermocouple as well as its coefficient of performance as a pump.

Select this Article		Differentiating Orthogonal Unit Vectors with respect to Curvilinear Coordinates Louis J. Kijewski American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 816 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The identity δ²R∕δU_iδU_j = δ²R∕δU_jδU_i is used to obtain a simple heuristic derivation and also an exact derivation for derivatives of unit vectors in n dimensions. Only an expression for δe_i∕δU_j (i≢j) is obtained by this method, but δe_i∕δU_i may be expressed in terms of δe_i∕δU_j (i≢j) and thus in terms of the unit vectors e_k.

Select this Article		Determination of Radii of Curvature of Spherical Surfaces using Newton's Rings H. S. Sandhu and G. B. Friedmann American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 818 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Newton's rings formed by an air film bounded by spherical surfaces are discussed. Thephysical and mathematical limitations involved in determining the radii of curvature of thebounding spherical surfaces are pointed out.

Select this Article		The Synchrodropper—A Versatile Tool Ross Gunn American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 824 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A usefully stable synchronous water dropper having many uses in demonstration and laboratory work is described. A tuned leaf spring is driven by ordinary 60-cps alternating current power and arranged to dispense serially drops of constant size. By observing these drops with an electronic flash or synchronous motor driven stroboscope during either their free fall or collision, demonstration experiments and measurements can be made. A design for producing uniform drops with a minimum of “jitter” and operating difficulty is given together with appropriate methods for assuring reliable performance.

Select this Article		Correction to the Rydberg Constant for Finite Nuclear Mass Moody L. Coffman American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 820 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract If the problem of the hydrogen-like atom is done with the assumption that the nucleus is at rest, the resulting energy levels are proportional to the Rydberg constant for infinite mass. It is traditional to obtain the Rydberg constant for finite mass of the nucleus by a simple substitution of the reduced mass of the system for the electron mass in the expression for the Rydberg constant for infinite nuclear mass. Realization that such a substitution (which is drawn from classical mechanics) does not give a correct transformation to the center-of-mass coordinate system in the case of charged particles, leads one to significant corrections for the Rydberg constants of finite nuclear masses. The corrections are drawn from classical, non-relativistic physics. Also, an interesting conjecture about the energy levels of hydrogen-like atoms, under the assumptions of Bohr theory and classical physics, is obtained.

Select this Article		Rate of Surface-Strain Tensor R. H. Dishington American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 827 \| Cited 2 times Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Although some work exists relating to the kinematics of fluid surfaces, no development parallel to that for linear and volume elements exists. It is shown, in this paper, that a rate of surface-strain tensor can be defined that has the same relationship to rate of surface extension that the rate of strain tensor has to rate of linear extension. Under some circumstances, this new tensor and a more useful form of the surface transport theorem derived from it, provide an improvement in the physical interpretation of equations of fluid motion. Practical applications have been found in the field of non-Newtonian flow, and hopefully will be found in other fields such as the theory of surface waves and meteorology.

Select this Article		The Weight of Mass H. L. Armstrong American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 832 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract It is argued that insistence on the use of the word “mass,” where one would ordinarily say “weight” is nothing but pedantry, and imposes a needless “weight,” i.e., burden, on students. Evidence is invoked from laws that the word “weight” expresses the notion of the measure of an object, which is supposed to be the peculiar meaning of “mass,” and has done so for a long time. Finally, an example shows how dropping this distinction (which, it is maintained, is nothing but a distinction without a difference) helps to clear up certain objections which have been proposed about the development of Newton's laws.

Select this Article		Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Viscosity of Gases David J. Cronin American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 835 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract This paper describes a method for making absolute measurements of the viscosity of gases, using timed flow through a capillary. Air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, helium, and hydrogen were studied at temperatures between 77° and 295°K. Nitrogen was also measured at pressures from 15 to 130 cm of mercury. Accuracy of 2% or 3% is obtained with relatively simple apparatus. The experiment is suitable for an undergraduate laboratory.

Select this Article		Method for Proving that a Given Response is Optimum K. S. Kunz American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 841 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A novel method is developed for proving that a particular forcing function f(t), selected from a set of permissible functions, returns a mechanical system to a required state in the minimum time. This method makes use of the moments of the forcing function f(t), or of similar integrals involving f(t), and is illustrated by an application to two mechanical problems. In the first, a free mass is to be positioned in the minimum time using an upper bound on the magnitude of the force. In the second, a system with a restoring torque is to be positioned in the minimum time using an applied torque with an upper bound on its rate of change. The method for proving the optimum nature of the derived forcing functions is thought to be of interest in other fields.

Select this Article		Gyroscopic Precession J. L. Snider American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 847 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Simple Viscosimetric Experiment Allen L. King American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 848 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		A Simple Experiment in Rotational Dynamics Edward B. Nelson American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 848 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Homemade Franck-Hertz Tube J. Rosenfeld and C. Tyler American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 849 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Modified Apparatus for Measuring High Resistance Bashir A. Syed American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 850 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Location of Cardinal Points of Thick Lenses Arnaldo Augusto Nora Antunes American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 852 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Creativity Should be Emphasized less in Mature Sciences like Physics Edward M. Little American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 853 \| Cited 1 time Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Determination of Young's Modulus in the Freshman Laboratory T. G. Bullen, F.S.C.H. American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 855 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		The Inverted Pendulum R. E. King American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 855 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Simple String Driver Daniel Nahshol American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 856 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Achievement Testing Banesh Hoffmann American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 856 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Reaction Track Dan Wilson American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 857 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		On the Shoulders of Giants (Cont.) Roald K. Wangsness American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 858 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Apparatus Review: A New Millikan Oil-Drop Apparatus Donald E. Olson American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 858 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Lasers. Coherent Light Sources for Science and Industry; the Princeton Report Gordon Knox, Author and Serge A. Korff, Reviewer American Journal of Physics -- October 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 10, pp. 859 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable