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Issue 12 | Dec 1965 | pp. 987-1100

Issue 11 | Nov 1965 | pp. 879-986

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Select this Article		Resource Letter CM-1 on the Teaching of Angular Momentum and Rigid Body Motion John I. Shonle American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 879 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Prepared at the request of the AAPT Committee on Resource Letters and the AAPT Committee on Tests; supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. This is one of a series of Resource Letters on different topics, intended to guide college physicists to some of the literature and other teaching aids that may help them improve course contents in specified fields of physics. No Resource Letter is meant to be exhaustive and complete; in time there may be more than one letter on some of the main subjects of interest. Comments and suggestions concerning the content and arrangement of letters as well as suggestions for future topics will be welcomed. Please send such communications to Professor Arnold Arons, Chairman, Resource Letter Committee, Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts. Notation: The letter E after an item number indicates elementary reading level, the letter I indicates intermediate level, and the letter A indicates advanced material principally suited for senior, graduate study. An asterisk (∗) indicates items particularly recommended for introductory study. Additional copies: Available from American Institute of Physics, 335 East 45 Street, New York, New York 10017. When ordering, request Resource Letter CM-1 and enclose a stamped return envelope.

Select this Article		Photographic Storage of Pulse-Height Information in Scintillation Experiments Richard N. Work American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 888 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A simplified arrangement is described for making gray wedge and two-dimensional coincidence pulse-height analyses. Examples of different types of spectra are given and application is made to an experiment on the Compton effect.

Select this Article		Hamiltonian Operator in Generalized Coordinates Lionel D. Dureau American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 895 \| Cited 2 times Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The quantum mechanical, time-dependent wave equation in generalized coordinates is obtained by a slight modification of Schrödinger's original derivation. If the classical Hamiltonian for a system is known, the variational technique may be applied to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation to yield an Euler-Lagrange equation. This latter is then the wave equation for the system. The method, which is generally easy to apply, is illustrated by applications to a single particle in curvilinear coordinates and to a symmetric top molecule.

Select this Article		Hertz's Derivation of Maxwell's Equations Henry Zatzkis American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 898 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Heinrich Hertz has shown how Maxwell's equations can be derived by a process of successive approximations from the earlier action-at-a-distance theory. The method has a certain similarity with the Picard method of successive approximations. A mathematical error in Hertz's paper is corrected. The historical significance of Hertz's paper is stressed.

Select this Article		External dc Field of a Long Solenoid D. B. Brick and A. W. Snyder American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 905 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The external dc field of a long solenoid is investigated. An exact solution is obtained in the form of an infinite series. For three cases, the series reduces to simple analytical expressions amenable to slide-rule computation: (a) the infinitely long solenoid for which the external field is zero, (b) the field far from the ends of a long finite solenoid for radial distances close to the solenoid surface, and (c) the long solenoid at radii comparable to and greater than the solenoid half-length. The variations with radial distance of the approximate expressions derived for cases (b) and (c) are plotted parametrically over a large-range of radial distances. Exact results are also plotted for two typical solenoid length-to-radius values obtained by numerical integration. Agreement of the exact results with the approximate expression for case (c) over the entire range of radial distances is extremely good. Expression (b) is a good approximation only for small radial distances; however, for typical solenoid length-to-radius values, the two expressions (b) and (c) converge for small r.

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Select this Article		Demonstration of Vibrating Membrane Using Soap Films Tung H. Jeong, Editor and Bailey Donnally, Editor American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. xvii Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		X-Y Recorder Tung H. Jeong, Editor and Bailey Donnally, Editor American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. xvii Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Atomic Beam Apparatus Tung H. Jeong, Editor and Bailey Donnally, Editor American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. xviii Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Some Uses of Hyperbolic Velocity Space R. H. Boyer American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 910 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract This paper deals with the definition and properties of the velocity space of special or general relativity. The metric naturally induced by the enveloping space-time is that of a space of constant negative curvature which is referred to here as a 3-dimensional Lobachevsky space. Our purpose is to show how this notion can simplify or reinterpret ideas of relativistic kinematics. Supplementing the more familiar applications, three others are given here which make essential use of the curvature, namely to the derivations of aberration, Thomas precession, and the forms of relativistic collision invariants.

Select this Article		Ways to Improve Undergraduate-Laboratory Report Writing F. B. Stumpf American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 917 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Several ways to improve instruction in undergraduate-laboratory report writing are presented. These involve increasing the student's awareness of the importance of good written expression, showing him examples of good writing, and giving him mature criticism on his reports. The concern is expressed that more attention must be given to this instruction in the future or the quality of writing will decrease due to less personal contact with senior staff.

Select this Article		Thermodynamic Fluctuations Herbert Callen American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 919 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The general theory of thermodynamic fluctuations in canonical ensembles is derived in a simple and exact form in terms of the semiinvariants (or “cumulants”) of the distribution.

Select this Article		Measuring the Wavelength of Light with a Ruler A. L. Schawlow American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 922 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract A simple lecture demonstration is described, in which light from a gas-discharge laser is diffracted at grazing incidence by the rulings of a steel scale. The wavelength of light is obtained by measuring the pattern spacings and the distance from the ruler to the screen.

Select this Article		Demonstration Microwave Interferometers C. L. Andrews American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 924 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract By use of wavelengths of 4 cm, complete demonstrations in microwave optics were mounted on boards the size of a sheet of writing paper. For lecture demonstrations they were constructed on Plexiglass plates above the 10-in.-sq. glass platform of an overhead projector. Detailed descriptions of the constructions were made for Lloyd's mirror, Michelson's interferometer and a grid-detection interferometer.

Select this Article		Energy Propagation in a Finite Lattice William Band and A. D. Bhatti American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 930 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The standing-wave normal modes and their frequencies are derived for a finite, one-dimensional harmonic lattice with force-free boundary conditions. The energy-current operator is derived in terms of excitation and deexcitation operators for the standing-wave energy states. The expectation value of the energy current in any such state is identically 0. External driving and load forces on the ends of the lattice are treated as time-dependent perturbations. The perturbed states of the lattice are found. The expectation values of the energy-current operator in such perturbed states coincide with the classical response of the lattice; the energy current is the linear energy density multiplied by the group velocity. This approach is more realistic than the conventional method using cyclic boundary conditions, describing the energy current in terms of running normal modes (momentum states) that can exist only in topologically unrealistic lattices without ends. It is hoped to generalize this work to finite lattices of 2 and 3 dimensions.

Select this Article		Relativistic Accelerated Systems L. McL. Marsh American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 934 \| Cited 1 time Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract Conditions that must be satisfied by the transformation equations connecting inertial and accelerated systems are deduced for the case of rectilinear motion. Solutions are obtained and discussed for certain special cases, with reference to the “clock paradox”.

Select this Article		Operator Gauge Transformations E. Corinaldesi and P. Roman American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 939 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The Gupta-Bleuler formulation of the subsidiary condition of quantum electrodynamics in the interaction picture is reviewed. This formalism is used to construct a simple proof of the invariance of the S-matrix under q-number gauge transformations A′_μ = A_μ+δ_μF(□)δ^νA or, equivalently, under certain well-known modifications of the photon propagator.

Select this Article		Elementary Derivation of the Thermal Motion of Galvanometers W. E. Smith American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 943 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract An elementary derivation of the spectrum of the thermal motion of a galvanometer is obtained by adapting the Nyquist argument for electrical noise. The results are quite general for rotary motion and may be extended to other mechanical systems by the use of further electromechanical analogies.

Select this Article		Problem of a Spin in a Time-Dependent Magnetic Field David Montgomery and Th. W. Ruijgrok American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 946 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The long-standing disagreement between the exact and perturbation solutions for the problem of a spin one-half particle in crossed, time-dependent, magnetic fields is resolved. The resolution is achieved by adapting the perturbation methods given by Krylov, Bogoliubov, and Mitropolskii for classical systems.

Select this Article		Complexions of an Assembly of Quasi-Independent Localized Systems Elmer L. Offenbacher American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 950 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract The total number of complexions is computed exactly for an isolated assembly of N quasiindependent localized systems with equally-spaced energy levels. This number Ω(N), is equal to Σt{N_k} where each term depends on a particular set of energy-level occupation numbers, N_k, allowed by the energy and system-number conservation conditions. In thermodynamic calculations, the approximation is usually made of replacing Ω by the maximum term in this sum t_max. A procedure is proposed for obtaining the exact value of t_max for integral N. The error made in the approximation is then calculated, and χ = ln t_max∕lnΩ is computed for N = 2^r. For N = 2¹² = 4096 one finds that (χ⁻¹) is less than 0.005. An approximate analytic form for χ valid for higher N is also given.

Select this Article		An Invariance Property of the Free Electromagnetic Field M. G. Calkin American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 958 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
	+ -	Show Abstract In the absence of charges and currents, Maxwell's equations are invariant under the transformation E′ = E cosθ+B sinθ, B′ = −E sinθ+B cosθ. Using Noether's theorem, we show that the corresponding conserved quantity is proportional to the difference in the number of right and left circularly polarized photons in the field.

Select this Article		Reactivity Approximation Donald G. Carpenter and Marvin L. Alme American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 961 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Radial Equation for the Hydrogen Atom Michel de Celles American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 962 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Elementary Derivation of the Bragg Equation R. Hine American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 962 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Do-It-Yourself Cavendish Balance B. Block, R. D. Moore, and P. Roos American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 963 \| Cited 1 time Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		A Simple Low-Frequency Current Source D. J. McNeill American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 965 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable

Select this Article		Simple Equipment for Lifetime Measurements on Semiconductors James R. McCormick and H. K. Henisch American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 965 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Pressure Difference Associated with a Spherical Liquid Surface D. H. Trevena American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 967 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Reviewing Scientific Compendia A. A. Mullin American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 968 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Remarks on “Coherence—An Advanced Experiment in Optics” W. R. Hindmarsh and W. H. King American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 968 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Those Eternal Announcements Frederick H. Giles American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 969 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		An Optical Illusion Hans Weltin American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 969 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Optical Aberrations—Demonstration and Measuring Daniel Nahshol American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 970 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Albert Einstein and the Cosmic World Order Cornelius Lanczos, Author and Raymond J. Seeger, Reviewer American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 972 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Physics: Fundamentals and Frontiers Robert Stollberg, Author, Faith Fitch Hill, Author, and William Foland, Reviewer American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 972 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
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Select this Article		Ergodic Theory in Statistical Mechanics I. E. Farquhar, Author and Raymond J. Seeger, Reviewer American Journal of Physics -- November 1965 -- Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 973 Online Publication Date: Jul 2005 Full Text: \| Download PDF
		Abstract Unavailable