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The Physics Teacher

American Journal of Physics»
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SECTION LISTING

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
EDITORIAL
PAPERS
NOTES AND DISCUSSIONS
APPARATUS AND DEMONSTRATION NOTES
BOOK REVIEWS

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Issue 12 | Dec 2001 | pp. 1221-1287

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Jun 2001

Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 629-734

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

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Troy ounces (or tons) of silver

Dean S. Edmonds, Jr.

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 629

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
32.10.Bi	Atomic masses, mass spectra, abundances, and isotopes
07.75.+h	Mass spectrometers
01.65.+g	History of science
89.20.Dd	Military technology and weapons systems; arms control

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Some further thoughts on the Bravais mystery

Allen Nussbaum

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 630 | Cited 1 time

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
61.50.Ah	Theory of crystal structure, crystal symmetry; calculations and modeling
61.00.00	Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography

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A matter of orthography

John D. Hey

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 630

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01.40.-d

Education

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Egregious lack of citation of literature

John L. Powell

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 630

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.30.-y

Physics literature and publications

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And a response from Mavromatis

Harry A. Mavromatis

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 631

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
03.65.Fd	Algebraic methods
03.65.Ge	Solutions of wave equations: bound states

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Jackson’s electromagnetic antecedents

J. D. Jackson

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 631

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
03.50.De	Classical electromagnetism, Maxwell equations
41.20.-q	Applied classical electromagnetism

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The word “force”

Daniel F. Styer

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 631 | Cited 3 times

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.30.-y	Physics literature and publications
01.50.-i	Educational aids
01.55.+b	General physics
47.00.00	Fluid dynamics

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Offensive page fillers redux

Steven Morris

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 632

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
01.70.+w	Philosophy of science

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Don’t bowdlerize AJP!

Jonathan Thornburg

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 632

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.50.-i

Educational aids

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Are Newton’s coattails there for the riding?

Claude Kacser

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 632 | Cited 1 time

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
01.65.+g	History of science

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Impressions of physics education

Steve K. Lamoreaux

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 633

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.40.-d	Education
01.50.-i	Educational aids

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The cosmological constant term

John A. Morgan

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 633

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
98.80.-k	Cosmology

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A kinder, gentler Schrödinger’s cat experiment

S. M. Blinder

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 633

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
03.65.-w	Quantum mechanics

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The language of physics

Art Hobson

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 634 | Cited 1 time

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
05.70.-a	Thermodynamics

EDITORIAL

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Editor’s choice

Robert H. Romer

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 635 | Cited 2 times

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Abstract Unavailable

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01.40.-d	Education
01.50.-i	Educational aids

PAPERS

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Measurement of the relativistic potential difference across a rotating magnetic dielectric cylinder

J. B. Hertzberg, S. R. Bickman, M. T. Hummon, D. Krause, Jr., S. K. Peck, and L. R. Hunter

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 648 | Cited 7 times

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According to the Special Theory of Relativity, a rotating magnetic dielectric cylinder in an axial magnetic field should exhibit a contribution to the radial electric potential that is associated with the motion of the material’s magnetic dipoles. In 1913 Wilson and Wilson reported a measurement of the potential difference across a magnetic dielectric constructed from wax and steel balls. Their measurement has long been regarded as a verification of this prediction. In 1995 Pelligrini and Swift questioned the theoretical basis of the experiment. In particular, they pointed out that it is not obvious that a rotating medium may be treated as if each point in the medium is locally inertial. They calculated the effect in the rotating frame and predicted a potential different from both the Wilsons’ theory and experiment. Subsequent analysis of the experiment suggests that the Wilsons’ experiment does not distinguish between the two predictions due to the fact that their composite steel–wax cylinder is conductive in the regions of magnetization. We report measurements of the radial voltage difference across various rotating dielectric cylinders, including a homogeneous magnetic dielectric material (YIG), to unambiguously test the competing calculations. Our results are compatible with the traditional treatment of the effect using a co-moving locally inertial reference frame, and are incompatible with predictions based on the model of Pelligrini and Swift. © 2001 American Association of Physics Teachers.

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
03.30.+p	Special relativity
41.20.Cv	Electrostatics; Poisson and Laplace equations, boundary-value problems
47.00.00	Fluid dynamics

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Do we really understand quantum mechanics? Strange correlations, paradoxes, and theorems

F. Laloë

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 655 | Cited 56 times

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This article presents a general discussion of several aspects of our present understanding of quantum mechanics. The emphasis is put on the very special correlations that this theory makes possible: They are forbidden by very general arguments based on realism and local causality. In fact, these correlations are completely impossible in any circumstance, except for very special situations designed by physicists especially to observe these purely quantum effects. Another general point that is emphasized is the necessity for the theory to predict the emergence of a single result in a single realization of an experiment. For this purpose, orthodox quantum mechanics introduces a special postulate: the reduction of the state vector, which comes in addition to the Schrödinger evolution postulate. Nevertheless, the presence in parallel of two evolution processes of the same object (the state vector) may be a potential source for conflicts; various attitudes that are possible to avoid this problem are discussed in this text. After a brief historical introduction, recalling how the very special status of the state vector has emerged in quantum mechanics, various conceptual difficulties are introduced and discussed. The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) theorem is presented with the help of a botanical parable, in a way that emphasizes how deeply the EPR reasoning is rooted into what is often called “scientific method.” In another section the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger argument, the Hardy impossibilities, as well as the Bell–Kochen–Specker theorem are introduced in simple terms. The final two sections attempt to give a summary of the present situation: One section discusses nonlocality and entanglement as we see it presently, with brief mention of recent experiments; the last section contains a (nonexhaustive) list of various attitudes that are found among physicists, and that are helpful to alleviate the conceptual difficulties of quantum mechanics. © 2001 American Association of Physics Teachers.

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
03.65.-w	Quantum mechanics
03.67.Dd	Quantum cryptography and communication security

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Diamagnetically stabilized magnet levitation

M. D. Simon, L. O. Heflinger, and A. K. Geim

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 702 | Cited 24 times

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Stable levitation of one magnet by another with no energy input is usually prohibited by Earnshaw’s theorem. However, the introduction of diamagnetic material at special locations can stabilize such levitation. A magnet can even be stably suspended between (diamagnetic) fingertips. A very simple, surprisingly stable room temperature magnet levitation device is described that works without superconductors and requires absolutely no energy input. Our theory derives the magnetic field conditions necessary for stable levitation in these cases and predicts experimental measurements of the forces remarkably well. New levitation configurations are described which can be stabilized with hollow cylinders of diamagnetic material. Measurements are presented of the diamagnetic properties of several samples of bismuth and graphite. © 2001 American Association of Physics Teachers.

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85.70.Rp

Magnetic levitation, propulsion and control devices

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Bessel’s improved Kater pendulum in the teaching lab

D. Candela, K. M. Martini, R. V. Krotkov, and K. H. Langley

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 714 | Cited 1 time

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We describe a Bessel pendulum for use in the teaching laboratory, and measurements of the local acceleration of gravity made with it to an accuracy of better than one part in 10⁴. The Bessel pendulum is a reversible pendulum that eliminates atmospheric corrections that apply to the more familiar Kater pendulum. The physical principles underlying the Kater pendulum as well as Bessel’s refinement are reviewed, and construction details are given for a realization of the pendulum. © 2001 American Association of Physics Teachers.

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
45.05.+x	General theory of classical mechanics of discrete systems

NOTES AND DISCUSSIONS

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Generating a fractal using a capacitor

Nicholas B. Tufillaro

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 721 | Cited 1 time

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Digital communications systems often drive electronic circuits with signals that generate fractals. This paper describes a simple example, a triangular wave form executing a random walk applied to a circuit consisting of a capacitor and a resistor is used to generate a Cantor “middle third” set. This example can be used as part of a physics demonstration or an introductory lab. © 2001 American Association of Physics Teachers.

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01.50.-i	Educational aids
05.45.Df	Fractals
84.40.Ua	Telecommunications: signal transmission and processing; communication satellites

APPARATUS AND DEMONSTRATION NOTES

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Simple estimate of the human metabolic rate

Daniel J. Graham and David V. Schacht

American Journal of Physics -- June 2001 -- Volume 69, Issue 6, pp. 723

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A method for estimating the human metabolic rate is described. It entails measuring the rate at which carbon dioxide is produced by glucose oxidation during respiration. Such measurements can enhance classroom presentations of the concept of energy and its interconversion. Measurements of this type can also augment classroom discussions of related topics such as entropy production in nonequilibrium systems. The ideas are appropriate at both the high school and college levels and should appeal to student interest in metabolism, physiology, and medical physics. © 2001 American Association of Physics Teachers.

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