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American Journal of Physics -- December 2002 -- Volume 70, Issue 12, pp. 1194

Energy balance problems in systems of induced and permanent electric and magnetic dipoles

Robert A. Anderson and James E. Martin

Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-0888

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There are many problems where a detailed understanding of the interaction energy of systems of dipoles is needed, including electrorheological and magnetorheological fluids, ferrofluids, magnetic composites, and dielectrics. We have constructed soluble microscopic problems involving electric and magnetic dipoles to investigate energy balance, and have come to some understanding of the proper form of the dipolar free energy in aggregations of induced or permanent dipoles and mixtures thereof. The resulting equations clarify misconceptions sometimes found in the literature, and lead to greater intuition about the subtle aspects of the dipolar interactions. We discuss the application of these equations to dipole simulations to extract the dipole energy and material dielectric constant. © 2002 American Association of Physics Teachers.

© 2002 American Association of Physics Teachers

KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

magnetic moments, electric moments, free energy, magnetostatics, electrostatics, capacitors, electrorheology, magnetorheology, magnetic fluids, magnetic particles, dielectric bodies

PACS

  • 41.20.Gz

    Magnetostatics; magnetic shielding, magnetic induction, boundary-value problems

  • 41.20.Cv

    Electrostatics; Poisson and Laplace equations, boundary-value problems

  • 75.50.Mm

    Magnetic liquids

  • 83.80.Gv

    Electro- and magnetorheological fluids

  • 75.50.Tt

    Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials

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History
Received Aug 2001
Accepted Jul 2002
Online Nov 2002

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0002-9505 (print)  

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Association of Physics Teachers

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1507793

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